Philippine Independence
Andres Bonifacio
By Joe Rivera
On June 12, , Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines from the window of his home in Kawit, Cavite. A month before, Aguinaldo also formally established the Dictatorial Government which he believed would be more efficient than a republican one in time of crisis. It was only later upon the advice of Apolinario Mabini that Aguinaldo changed the form of government from Dictatorial to Revolutionary.
Aguinaldo’s proclamation of Philippine independence came at the cusp of the Spanish army’s defeat in the hands of the Filipino rebels. It was never recognized by Spain or the United States which at the time had also been at war with Spain. In December , American and Spanish peace commissioners met in Paris to settle questions relating to Cuba, the Philippines, and other matters. Felipe Agoncillo, Aguinaldo’s diplomatic envoy, pleaded with the commissioners to recognize the Philippines as an independent nation. The commissioners refused to listen to Agoncillo and went ahead to sign the Treaty of Paris on December 10, , in which Spain gave up the Philippines to the United States for a sum of 20 million
SINO SI FELIPE AGONCILLO? TALAMBUHAY NG UNANG DIPLOMATIKONG PILIPINO
Unang Bahagi ng Buhay
Ang Unang Diplomatikong Pilipino – si Felipe Agoncillo ay isinilang sa Taal, Batangas noong Mayo 26, sa mag-asawang Ramon Agoncillo at Gregoria Encarnacion. Bata pa lang ay nakitaan na siya ng pambihirang katalinuhan. Naging honor student siya ng Ateneo Municipal de Manila. Lumipat siya sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas at sa taong ay gumradweyt sa kursong Bachelor of Laws bilang summa cum laude. Nang mamatay ang kanyang mga magulang, bumalik siya sa Taal para asikasuhin ang mga naiwang negosyo at ari-arian.
Isa na siyang huwes sa edad na Napangasawa niya ang pinakamagandang babae sa buong Batangas – si Marcela Mariño – na mula rin sa mayamang angkan sa Taal. Matatandaan na si Marcela Agoncillo rin ang pangunahing personalidad na tumahi ng unang watawat ng Pilipinas. Ang kanilang pagsasama ay nabiyayaan ng anim na anak, lahat mga babae.
Pagka-kawanggawa
Si Felipe Agoncillo ay larawan ng isang mayaman ngunit matulungin na ginoo, isang pilontropo, ika nga. Habang siya ay nasa Taal, nagbibigay siya ng libreng tulong-legal sa mga mahihirap niyang kababayan. Bukas
Who was Felipe Agoncillo?
Felipe Agoncillo was the Filipino lawyer representative to the negotiations in Paris that led to the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish–American War and achieving him the title of "outstanding first Filipino diplomat."
As a familyfriend and adviser of GeneralEmilioAguinaldo and GeneralAntonio Luna during the criticaltimes of the revolution, Agoncillo has been active in participatingduring that era especially when he presided over the Hong Kong Junta—a group of Filipinoexiles who met to plan for futuresteps in achieving independence. His greatestcontribution of the Philippinehistory was when he was assigned to negotiateforeigncountries to secure the independence of the countryconsidered as the most importantassignmentgiven by a General.
- Born
- May 26,
Taal, Batangas - Parents
- Spouses
- Children
- Nationality
- Profession
- Education
- University of Santo Tomas
- Ateneo de Manila University
- Lived in
- Died
- Sep 29,
Manila
Edit
Submitted
on July 23,
Audio commentary by Ana Maria Theresa Labrador, University of Melbourne
Transcription of audio:
When I look at this portrait I see actually a portrait of dignity, but behind it is a lot of heartbreak. Agoncillo really worked so very hard to seek independence for the Philippines. He negotiated with so many people, he went back and forth, Hong Kong, Washington DC, and then Paris. He sacrificed financially. He nearly drowned at one point when his boat capsized in Scotland, but he seemed to be unflappable. As a person who comes from a privileged background, and with this education, he couldn't quite sort out why he was being rebuffed from both sides of the Atlantic. But with the U.S. co-opting the Philippine independence after their war against Spain, the U.S. turned the Philippines into another colony. He was so disappointed. In the course of studying this portrait, I learned so much about the quality of his character. You can see a man who's quite well dressed, and that Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, the artist, wanted to really portray that kind of dignity that remained intact-- his valor, his integrity, as a Filipino and a human being.
— I amAna Maria Theresa Labrador,
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